Resumen:
El presente tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la toxicidad del extracto de neem, guanábana y venadillo contra
el vector A. aegypti en sus diferentes estadios larvales. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el
laboratorio de Parasitología Agrícola de la Unidad Académica de Agricultura de la Universidad
Autónoma de Nayarit. Se utilizó el vector A. aegypti, el cual se recolectó en el estado de Nayarit
durante el año 2016. Para la recolección de los huevos del mosquito se utilizaron ovitrampas. Por cada
especie vegetal se utilizaron cinco concentraciones de extractos: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µL-1 de
neem; 500, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000 µL-1
de venadillo y 500, 1182, 1500, 2000, 2500 µL-1
de
guanábana. Se realizó la extracción de los activos de las plantas por medio de métodos de extracción
simples. Se cuantificó la mortalidad a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas. Posteriormente, se estableció la
concentración letal media (CL50 - 96 horas) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza a un 95 % de
acuerdo al método PROBIT. La guanábana provocó mayor mortalidad de 69.1 % en un periodo de 24
a 96 horas. El extracto de neem indujo un 53.9 % de mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas y el extracto
de venadillo manifestó actividad larvicida en in periodo de 24 a 96 horas de 58.7.
Descripción:
The research was conducted in the laboratory of Parasitology agricultural of the unit academic of
Agriculture of the University Autónoma of Nayarit, with the objectives of the toxicity of neem extract,
guanábana and venadillo in vector a. aegypti in its different larval stages; as well as mean lethal
concentration (CL50- 96 H) of a. aegypti exposed to the extracts and know what is the best summary
of the three applied in the larval control of a. aegypti. We used the vector a. aegypti, which was
collected in the State of Nayarit in the year 2016. Ovitraps were used for the collection of the eggs. Is
used five concentrations of three plant extracts: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µL-1
of neem; 500, 1000,
1250, 1500, 2000 µL-1
of venadillo and 1182, 500, 1500, 2000, 2500 µL-1
of Cherimoya. Is made the
extraccion of plant assets. Mortality was measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Later was established
the median lethal concentration (CL50 - 96 hours) and their respective 95% confidence intervals
according to the method PROBIT. The results indicated: 1. all tested extracts showed toxicity larvicide
against a. aegypti, however, some behave better than others with the passage of time, since all induce
some mortality on larvae, but its degradation in one is slower, causing the larvicidal effect extends or
is shortened. 2. Extract best results arrojo was custard, since it resulted in increased mortality in a 24
hour period and followed by inducing mortality up to 96 hours. 3 of neem and venadillo extracts were
larvicidal activity only in 24 hours and 4. The plant extracts, are a tool for very important pest control,
which is to begin to develop more comprehensive and professional, in all sectors, since the effect
caused by third parties are minimal, compared to the current chemical compounds.
Repositorio Institucional Aramara
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